The working principle of a CNC lathe
1. High-rigidity flat-type monolithic bed structure
This series of machine tools features a flat, monolithic bed cast using sand‑mold technology, with a well‑designed internal rib structure, wide guideway surfaces, and high overall bed rigidity. The bed and saddle are subjected to medium‑frequency quenching, achieving a hardness of HRC 50 or higher, while the sliding guideways of the saddle and slide block are coated with a plastic layer. These design features ensure that the feed system exhibits excellent dynamic and static characteristics, including high stiffness and favorable friction‑damping coefficients. Moreover, the near‑equal coefficients of kinetic and static friction minimize low‑speed creep, resulting in superior machine rigidity and enhanced resistance to vibration and deformation. Consequently, users can achieve higher machining accuracy and increased rapid traverse speeds.
2. Headstock with high rotational speed, high rigidity, and high precision
The headstock of this machine tool series features hydraulic automatic gear shifting. Its spindle bearings are all domestically produced precision bearings, lubricated by an external circulating oil system, which effectively controls spindle temperature rise. The internal transmission components of the headstock are also lubricated with an external oil circulation system, providing excellent heat dissipation and ensuring that the heat generated during operation is efficiently and rapidly dispersed to the exterior. During headstock design, spindle accuracy was enhanced and rigidity improved. Advanced machining equipment guarantees the dimensional accuracy of the headstock, spindle, and all component parts. During assembly, the spindle bearings are preloaded and maintained at a consistent preload level. As a result, the assembled headstock exhibits low temperature rise, minimal thermal deformation, and high precision, enabling the spindle to maintain stable performance over long periods of operation.
3. Feed System
The X-axis ball screw is supported in a configuration where one end is fixed and the other end is supported. This support arrangement allows the screw to expand freely as it heats up during operation, preventing longitudinal bending. For the Z-axis ball screw, to compensate for the elongation caused by elevated operating temperatures and to ensure positioning accuracy and system stiffness, the screw is pre‑stretched and subjected to a preload.
4 tool holders
The tool holder is driven by a renowned domestic torque motor and features an imported proximity‑switch selector circuit, ensuring high reliability. Its repeat positioning accuracy reaches ±0.008 mm, with a clamping force of 16 kN. Furthermore, the design and manufacturing incorporate a high‑precision, large‑diameter gear disc for indexed positioning, delivering excellent rigidity and minimal deformation even under heavy cutting conditions.
In addition, a vertical six‑station turret or a horizontal six‑station turret can be selected according to customer requirements.
5. Braking System
This machine tool’s braking system (driven by a variable-frequency motor) employs an external resistor and, upon receipt of a stop command from the inverter, activates regenerative braking. It features short braking times, high safety and reliability, smooth deceleration, and a long service life.
6. Electrical System
The machine tool’s CNC system can be equipped with the Guangshu 980TDI control system.
Related Information
Nantong Yongchang CNC Machinery: A specialized manufacturer of CNC machine tools.